Learning Infrastructures generally encompasses Learning Management Systems (LMS), Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS), Talent Management Systems (TMS), Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP), and any one or more of a number of interoperability specifications that allow the above mentioned systems to communicate with each other. A Learning Infrastructure manages how learning needs are identified, information captured, solutions designed, developed, and deployed, and how learners are tracked in terms of the learning they participate in and their completion status.